Brushless Dc Motor Speed Controller Circuit
A DC motor controller based on NE555 timer is shown here. Direction of rotation of DC motor can be also changed by this DC motor speed control circuit. Are you fed up with ordinary PWM circuits which do not provide perfect DC motor speed control especially at lower speeds? Then check out this outstanding single chip.
The DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL circuit is primarily a 555 IC based PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) circuit developed to get variable voltage over constant voltage. The method of PWM is explained here. Consider a simple circuit as shown in figure below. If the button is pressed if the figure, then the motor will start rotating and it will be in motion until the button is pressed.
This pressing is continuous and is represented in the first wave of figure. If, for a case, consider button is pressed for 8ms and opened for 2ms over a cycle of 10ms, during this case the motor will not experience the complete 9V battery voltage as the button is pressed only for 8ms, so the RMS terminal voltage across the motor will be around 7V. Due to this reduced RMS voltage the motor will rotate but at a reduced speed. Now the average turn on over a period of 10ms = Turn ON time/ (Turn ON time + Turn OFF time), this is called duty cycle and is of 80% (8/ (8+2)).
In second and third cases the button is pressed even lesser time compared to first case. Because of this, the RMS terminal voltage at the motor terminals gets even decreased further. Due to this reduced voltage the motor speed even decreases further. This decrease in speed with duty cycle continuous to happen until a point, where the motor terminal voltage will not be sufficient to turn the motor. So by this we can conclude the PWM can be used to vary the motor speed. Before going further we need to discuss the H-BRIDGE.
Now this circuit has mainly two functions, first is to drive a DC motor from low power control signals and the other is to change the direction of rotation of DC motor. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 We all know that for a DC motor, to change the direction of rotation, we need to change the polarities of supply voltage of motor. So to change the polarities we use H-bridge. Now in above figure1 we have fours switches. As shown in figure2, for the motor to rotate A1 and A2 are closed. Because of this, current flows through the motor from right to left, as shown in 2 nd part of figure3. For now consider the motor rotates clockwise direction.
Now if the switches A1 and A2 are opened, B1 and B2 are closed. The current through the motor flows from left to right as shown in 1 st part of figure3.
This direction of current flow is opposite to the first one and so we see an opposite potential at motor terminal to the first one, so the motor rotates anti clock wise. This is how an H-BRIDGE works. However low power motors can be driven by a H-BRIDGE IC L293D. L293D is an H-BRIDGE IC designed for driving low power DC motors and is shown in figure. This IC consists two h-bridges and so it can drive two DC motors. So this IC can be used to drive robot's motors from the signals of microcontroller. Now as discussed before this IC has ability to change the direction of rotation of DC motor.
This is achieved by controlling the voltage levels at INPUT1 and INPUT2. Enable Pin Input Pin 1 Input Pin 2 Motor Direction High Low High Turn Right High High Low Turn Left High Low Low Stop High High High Stop So as shown in above figure, for clockwise rotation 2A should be high and 1A should be low.
Similarly for anti clockwise 1A should be high and 2A should be low. Circuit Components. +9v power supply. Small DC motor. 555 Timer IC. 1K, 100R resistors.
L293D IC. 100K -220K preset or pot. IN4148 or IN4047 x 2. 10nF or 22nF capacitor.
Switch Circuit Diagram The circuit is connected in breadboard as per the DC motor speed control circuit diagram shown above. The pot here is used to adjust the speed of motor. The switch is to change the direction of rotation of motor. The capacitor here must not of a fixed value; the user can experiment with it for a right one. Working When power is supplied, with a duty ratio based on the pot resistance ratio.
Because of the pot and the diode pair, here the capacitor (which triggers the output) must charge and discharge through a different set of resistance and because of this, the capacitor takes a different time to charge and discharge. Since the output will be high when the capacitor is charging and is low when the capacitor is discharging, we get a difference in high output and low output times, and so the PWM.
This PWM of timer is fed to the signal pin of L239D h-bridge to drive the DC motor. With the varying PWM ratio we get varying RMS terminal voltage and so the speed. To change the direction of rotation the PWM of timer is connected to the second signal pin.
Contents. How BLDC with Hall Sensors Work We know that all BLDC motors fundamentally incorporate Hall sensors attached with their stator assembly where these devices play a crucial rule in detecting and supplying the control circuit with the necessary data regarding the rotor magnet instantaneous positions with regard to the stator coil activation. The info helps the control circuit to subsequently changeover the stator electromagnet activations sequentially such that the rotor constantly experiences a rotational torque and produces the intended rotational motion. Therefore it seems that the hall effect sensors are the ones that become solely responsible for detecting and inducing the intended rotational motion in BLDC motors. The control circuit connected with the hall sensors are in fact 'blind' and respond entirely to the hall sensor signals in order to produce the required feed backs to the electromagnet coils.
The above fact actually makes the designing of a 3 phase BLDC motor controller pretty easy, the simplicity also becomes further aided with the easy availability of the universal 3 phase H bridge driver IC such as the IRS2330. Studying the IC IRS2330 Specifications The following discussion provides a comprehensive view on the designing of a 3 phase brushless BLDC motor driver circuit: Pinout Details of the IC The above shows the pinout diagram of the IC IRS2330 which simply needs to be connected to a set of a few external components for implementing the proposed BLDC controller circuit. How to Configure the Full Bridge IC In the above diagram we witness the method of connecting the IC pinouts with some external components wherein the right hand side IGBT stage shows a standard H bridge configuration using 6 IGBTs integrated with the appropriate pinouts of the IC. The above integration concludes the output power stage for the BLDC controller circuit, the 'load' indicates the BLDC 3 phase electromagnet coils, now its all about configuring the inputs HIN1/2/3 and LIN1/2/3 of the IC with the relevant hall sensor outputs. NOT gates for Sequencing the HIN, LIN Inputs Before applying the hall sensor triggers to the driver IC inputs, it's required to be buffered through a couple of NOT gates as given in the diagram above.
Finally, the outputs of the NOT gates is integrated appropriately with the inputs of the IC IRS2330. The negatives of all the hall sensors may be assumed to be grounded. The second circuit which forms the main driver configuration for the proposed 3 phase brushless BLDC motor driver circuit, could be also seen having a current sensing stage across its lower left section. The resistive divider may be appropriately dimensioned for enabling an over current protection and control over the connected BLDC motor. For getting comprehensive details regarding the current sensing configuration and other intricacies of the whole design, one may refer to the following datasheet of the IC: https://www.irf.com/product-info/datasheets/data/irs2330pbf.pdf. Sir, how can we use your simple inverter circuit to use for charging purpose too with simple modification like using relay only.
So it charge the battery and provide some backup on power cut. We can make it manual to backup process on when power cut (to avoid some complex modification in circuit) I got mosfet invertor circuit (it using hcf4047be ic) of 100 w from junk and want to use same transformer to charge the battery and for convertor purpose. Using 9-0-9 transformer we can get 18v to charge the battery as well with using of some diode to step down the current to 14v For eg can you provide that modification on this Looking forward to hearing from you. Kind Regards. Circuit Database. (15). (45).
(31). (96). (60). (14). (5). (100). (6).
(6). (20). (52). (26). (17). (12). (1).
(35). (31). (40). (69). (87). (20). (7).
High Power Dc Motor Speed Controller
(8). (36). (13). (69). (23).
(62). (2). (1). (10). (46). (28). (46).
Brushless Motor Circuit
(61). (8). (2). (16). (98).
(8). (109).
(21). (11). (4). (8). (41). (4). (56).
(19). (34). (1). (2). (9). (35). (24).
(77). (1). (29).
(40). (4). (2). (25).
(73). (8). (16). (16). (8). (54). (1).
(27). (20). (9).
(13). (96). (2). (19). (7). (5).
(1). (15). (46). (3).